How do I fix VAST-2.0-ad-has-inline-or-wrapper?

Add exactly one ` ` (for a direct ad) or ` ` (for a redirect chain) inside the empty ` `.

What does the VAST error "Each must contain exactly one or " mean?

Every ` ` element must contain exactly one child: either ` ` (which carries the creative directly) or ` ` (which points to another VAST tag). An ` ` with neither — or with both — is invalid.

VAST-2.0-ad-has-inline-or-wrapper

Each <Ad> must contain exactly one <InLine> or <Wrapper>

ErrorRequired fieldsIAB VAST 2.0 §2.2VAST 2.0 and later (all versions)

Every `<Ad>` element must contain exactly one child: either `<InLine>` (which carries the creative directly) or `<Wrapper>` (which points to another VAST tag). An `<Ad>` with neither — or with both — is invalid.

How to fix

Add exactly one <InLine> (for a direct ad) or <Wrapper> (for a redirect chain) inside the empty <Ad>.

Invalid

<Ad id="1">
  <!-- nothing here -->
</Ad>

Valid

<Ad id="1">
  <InLine>…</InLine>
</Ad>

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Other Required fields rules

VAST-2.0-root-elementRoot element must be <VAST>VAST-2.0-root-version<VAST> must have a version attribute VAST-2.0-root-version-valueVAST version attribute must be a recognised version string VAST-2.0-root-has-ad-or-error<VAST> must contain at least one <Ad> or <Error>VAST-4.0-wrapper-root-error<VAST> root contains both <Ad> and <Error> elements (invalid per VAST 4.0)VAST-2.0-inline-adsystem<InLine> must contain <AdSystem>VAST-2.0-inline-adtitle<InLine> must contain <AdTitle>VAST-2.0-inline-impression<InLine> must contain at least one <Impression>